Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) is a manufacturing process that uses a series of electrical discharges to remove material from a workpiece. It is used primarily to create complex shapes and features in hard, difficult-to-machine materials like hardened steel, titanium, and other metals.

EDM works by using a thin wire or electrode to create an electrical spark between the electrode and the workpiece. This spark generates an intense heat that melts and vaporizes small amounts of the material, creating a small pit or hole. The wire or electrode is then advanced a small amount and the process is repeated, creating a series of pits or holes that combine to form the desired shape.

EDM machines use a dielectric fluid, usually deionized water, to cool and flush away the debris created by the electrical discharges. The fluid also helps to prevent the electrode from wearing down too quickly.

There are two types of EDM machines: wire EDM and sinker EDM. Wire EDM uses a thin, electrically conductive wire as the electrode, while sinker EDM uses a specially shaped electrode that is lowered into the workpiece. Both types of machines are highly accurate and can create complex shapes with a high degree of precision.

EDM is a popular choice for manufacturing molds, dies, and other parts that require high levels of precision and durability. It is also used in the aerospace, medical, and electronics industries to create parts that are difficult or impossible to produce with conventional machining methods.